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It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It assists in protocol design.It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It assists in protocol design.
It speeds up packet delivery.
192.168.10.224192.168.10.192192.168.10.0192.168.10.240192.168.10.128
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.128
host IP addressDNS addresssubnet maskdefault gateway address
host IP address
DNS address
subnet mask
default gateway address
priority orderingCSMA/CAtoken passingCSMA/CD
priority ordering
CSMA/CA
token passing
CSMA/CD
transportsessionphysicalnetworkdata link
transport
session
physical
network
data link
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
console 0vty 0FastEthernet0/1VLAN 1
console 0
vty 0
FastEthernet0/1
VLAN 1
placement of frames on the mediaperforming error detectionrouting packets toward the destinationencapsulating PDUs from the transport layercollision detection
placement of frames on the media
performing error detection
routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
collision detection
physical layerpresentation layerdata link layernetwork layer
physical layer
presentation layer
data link layer
network layer
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that was written to look like a video game
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that was written to look like a video game
immunity to electrical hazardscancellationwoven copper braid or metallic foilcladding
immunity to electrical hazards
cancellation
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
FTPHTTPSNMPICMPDHCP
FTP
HTTP
SNMP
ICMP
DHCP
2001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
databitsframepacketsegment
data
bits
frame
packet
segment
partial meshmeshhub and spokepoint-to-point
partial mesh
mesh
hub and spoke
point-to-point
store-and-forward switchingfragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingQOS switchingCRC switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
QOS switching
CRC switching
source and destination MACsource and destination port numbersource and destination application protocolsource and destination IP address
source and destination MAC
source and destination port number
source and destination application protocol
source and destination IP address
link-localmulticastloopbackglobal unicast
link-local
multicast
loopback
global unicast
social networking without the Internetnetwork printing using a print serverresource sharing without a dedicated serverwireless networking
social networking without the Internet
network printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
wireless networking
cut-through switchingfragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switching
cut-through switching
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
HTTPEthernetIPTCP
Ethernet
IP
TCP
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
session controlcompressionauthenticationaddressingencryption
session control
compression
authentication
addressing
encryption
192.15.301.240192.168.1.245192.15.301.240128.107.12.11764.104.78.227198.133.219.1710.15.250.5
192.15.301.240
192.168.1.245
128.107.12.117
64.104.78.227
198.133.219.17
10.15.250.5
255.255.255.0255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.128
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
audio conference, financial transactions, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, web page, audio conferencefinancial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
secretinlinevtyinletmeinlineconin
secretin
linevtyin
letmein
lineconin
use of checksumport numberingdefault window sizeability to to carry digitized voice3-way handshakeconnectionless communication
use of checksum
port numbering
default window size
ability to to carry digitized voice
3-way handshake
connectionless communication
to allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration modeto restart the ping processto interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
10.0.0.0/8192.31.7.0/24192.168.0.0/1664.100.0.0/14127.16.0.0/12172.16.0.0/12
10.0.0.0/8
192.31.7.0/24
192.168.0.0/16
64.100.0.0/14
127.16.0.0/12
172.16.0.0/12
1661428254
16
6
14
2
8
254
between hosts and the default gatewayonly at the edge of the networkon as many different network segments as possibleonly on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
on as many different network segments as possible
only on the busiest network segment
.comcisco.comwww.cisco.comroot.cisco.com
.com
cisco.com
www.cisco.com
root.cisco.com
255.255.255.240255.255.255.128255.255.255.0255.255.255.224255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.248255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
destination and source port numbersdestination and source physical addressestiming and synchronizationdestination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
destination and source physical addresses
timing and synchronization
destination and source logical network addresses
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
to retain contents when power is removedto store the ARP tableto contain the running configuration fileto store the startup configuration fileto store the routing table
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the ARP table
to contain the running configuration file
to store the startup configuration file
to store the routing table
198.51.100.201203.0.113.211192.0.2.199209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
192.0.2.199
209.165.201.223
error correction through a collision detection methodsession control using port numbersdetection of errors through CRC calculationsplacement and removal of frames from the mediadata link layer addressingdelimiting groups of bits into frames
error correction through a collision detection method
session control using port numbers
detection of errors through CRC calculations
placement and removal of frames from the media
data link layer addressing
delimiting groups of bits into frames
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It provides dedicated firewall services.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It interacts with the device hardware.
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AABB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.65172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.65
172.168.10.99
2546419262190
64
192
62
190
an SSH connectiona Telnet connectiona console connectionan AUX connection
an SSH connection
a Telnet connection
a console connection
an AUX connection
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
straight-throughconsolerollovercrossover
straight-through
console
rollover
crossover
to reassemble the segments at the remote locationto identify missing segments at the destinationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto determine if the packet changed during transitto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to identify missing segments at the destination
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will remove the frame from the media.It will discard the frame.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to identify faulty framesto identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
two-way handshakesocket pairthree-way handshakesliding window
two-way handshake
socket pair
three-way handshake
sliding window
the source IP addressthe destination port numberthe destination IP addressthe source port number
the source IP address
the destination port number
the destination IP address
the source port number
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
netstatnslookupipconfigtracert
netstat
nslookup
ipconfig
tracert
FE80::/10FEC0::/10FDEE::/7FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FF00::/8
when a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen delivery overhead is not an issue
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when delivery overhead is not an issue
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command syntax is wrong.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.It encourages competition and promotes choices.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.A company can monopolize the market.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.64/26
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