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packetsegmentbitsdataframe
packet
segment
bits
data
frame
203.0.113.211209.165.201.223198.51.100.201192.0.2.199
203.0.113.211
209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
192.0.2.199
ICMPSNMPFTPDHCPHTTP
ICMP
SNMP
FTP
DHCP
HTTP
two-way handshakethree-way handshakesliding windowsocket pair
two-way handshake
three-way handshake
sliding window
socket pair
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
transportnetworksessionphysicaldata link
transport
network
session
physical
data link
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
encryptionsession controlauthenticationaddressingcompression
encryption
session control
authentication
addressing
compression
255.255.255.192255.255.255.240255.255.255.128255.255.255.0255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
It will discard the frame.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will remove the frame from the media.It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will discard the frame.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
placement and removal of frames from the mediasession control using port numberserror correction through a collision detection methoddelimiting groups of bits into framesdetection of errors through CRC calculationsdata link layer addressing
placement and removal of frames from the media
session control using port numbers
error correction through a collision detection method
delimiting groups of bits into frames
detection of errors through CRC calculations
data link layer addressing
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
store-and-forward switchingfragment-free switchingcut-through switchingfast-forward switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
cut-through switching
fast-forward switching
routing packets toward the destinationencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerplacement of frames on the mediacollision detectionperforming error detection
routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
placement of frames on the media
collision detection
performing error detection
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto identify missing segments at the destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto determine if the packet changed during transitto reassemble the segments at the remote location
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to identify missing segments at the destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
TCPIPHTTPEthernet
TCP
IP
Ethernet
netstatipconfigtracertnslookup
netstat
ipconfig
tracert
nslookup
point-to-pointmeshhub and spokepartial mesh
point-to-point
mesh
hub and spoke
partial mesh
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBCC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DDAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA172.168.10.65172.168.10.99
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.65
172.168.10.99
It interacts with the device hardware.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides dedicated firewall services.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
198.133.219.1764.104.78.227192.168.1.24510.15.250.5128.107.12.117192.15.301.240192.15.301.240
198.133.219.17
64.104.78.227
192.168.1.245
10.15.250.5
128.107.12.117
192.15.301.240
woven copper braid or metallic foilcladdingcancellationimmunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
cancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
source and destination IP addresssource and destination port numbersource and destination MACsource and destination application protocol
source and destination IP address
source and destination port number
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
the source port numberthe source IP addressthe destination IP addressthe destination port number
the source port number
the source IP address
the destination IP address
the destination port number
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
to store the startup configuration fileto contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removedto store the ARP tableto store the routing table
to store the startup configuration file
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the ARP table
to store the routing table
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.A company can monopolize the market.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.It encourages competition and promotes choices.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
A company can monopolize the market.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify faulty frames
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
default gateway addresssubnet maskhost IP addressDNS address
default gateway address
subnet mask
host IP address
DNS address
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It assists in protocol design.It speeds up packet delivery.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It assists in protocol design.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
3-way handshakeability to to carry digitized voiceport numberingdefault window sizeuse of checksumconnectionless communication
3-way handshake
ability to to carry digitized voice
port numbering
default window size
use of checksum
connectionless communication
The subnet mask information is incorrect.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command syntax is wrong.
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
timing and synchronizationdestination and source physical addressesdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
presentation layerphysical layerdata link layernetwork layer
presentation layer
physical layer
data link layer
network layer
root.cisco.comcisco.comwww.cisco.com.com
root.cisco.com
cisco.com
www.cisco.com
.com
rolloverconsolecrossoverstraight-through
rollover
console
crossover
straight-through
192.168.10.224192.168.10.240192.168.10.128192.168.10.192192.168.10.0
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.0
CSMA/CAtoken passingpriority orderingCSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
token passing
priority ordering
CSMA/CD
2001::abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
secretinlineconinlinevtyinletmein
secretin
lineconin
linevtyin
letmein
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
loopbacklink-localmulticastglobal unicast
loopback
link-local
multicast
global unicast
192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
between hosts and the default gatewayonly at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segmenton as many different network segments as possible
between hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
on as many different network segments as possible
a Telnet connectionan SSH connectiona console connectionan AUX connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection
a console connection
an AUX connection
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
to restart the ping processto interrupt the ping processto allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
FastEthernet0/1vty 0console 0VLAN 1
FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
console 0
VLAN 1
2541901926462
254
190
192
64
62
financial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsaudio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conference
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
FF00::/8FE80::/10FDEE::/7FEC0::/10
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FDEE::/7
FEC0::/10
network printing using a print serverwireless networkingsocial networking without the Internetresource sharing without a dedicated server
network printing using a print server
wireless networking
social networking without the Internet
resource sharing without a dedicated server
192.31.7.0/2464.100.0.0/14127.16.0.0/1210.0.0.0/8192.168.0.0/16172.16.0.0/12
192.31.7.0/24
64.100.0.0/14
127.16.0.0/12
10.0.0.0/8
192.168.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/12
fragment-free switchingstore-and-forward switchingQOS switchingCRC switchingfast-forward switching
QOS switching
CRC switching
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
255.255.255.252255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
8254614162
8
6
14
16
2
255.255.255.0255.255.255.128255.255.255.224255.255.255.240
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