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It encourages competition and promotes choices.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.A company can monopolize the market.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
A company can monopolize the market.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
QOS switchingfragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingCRC switching
QOS switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
store-and-forward switching
CRC switching
to restart the ping processto allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration modeto interrupt the ping process
to restart the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to interrupt the ping process
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.This host does not have a default gateway configured.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
data link layer addressingplacement and removal of frames from the mediasession control using port numbersdetection of errors through CRC calculationsdelimiting groups of bits into frameserror correction through a collision detection method
data link layer addressing
placement and removal of frames from the media
session control using port numbers
detection of errors through CRC calculations
delimiting groups of bits into frames
error correction through a collision detection method
192.0.2.199203.0.113.211198.51.100.201209.165.201.223
192.0.2.199
203.0.113.211
198.51.100.201
209.165.201.223
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
malware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
point-to-pointmeshpartial meshhub and spoke
point-to-point
mesh
partial mesh
hub and spoke
an AUX connectiona Telnet connectionan SSH connectiona console connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection
a console connection
cancellationwoven copper braid or metallic foilimmunity to electrical hazardscladding
cancellation
woven copper braid or metallic foil
immunity to electrical hazards
cladding
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
TCPEthernetHTTPIP
TCP
Ethernet
HTTP
IP
networksessiondata linkphysicaltransport
network
session
data link
physical
transport
between hosts and the default gatewayon as many different network segments as possibleonly at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
on as many different network segments as possible
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
255.255.255.252255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
packetframesegmentdatabits
packet
frame
segment
data
bits
token passingCSMA/CApriority orderingCSMA/CD
token passing
CSMA/CA
priority ordering
CSMA/CD
to identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the host address of the destination hostto identify faulty framesto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify faulty frames
to identify the network address of the destination network
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
multicastlink-localglobal unicastloopback
multicast
link-local
global unicast
loopback
ability to to carry digitized voiceuse of checksumdefault window size3-way handshakeconnectionless communicationport numbering
ability to to carry digitized voice
use of checksum
default window size
3-way handshake
connectionless communication
port numbering
timing and synchronizationdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numbersdestination and source physical addresses
timing and synchronization
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
destination and source physical addresses
two-way handshakesliding windowsocket pairthree-way handshake
two-way handshake
sliding window
socket pair
three-way handshake
255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.128
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.128
crossoverstraight-throughrolloverconsole
crossover
straight-through
rollover
console
the source IP addressthe destination IP addressthe source port numberthe destination port number
the source IP address
the destination IP address
the source port number
the destination port number
192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/28
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
to store the ARP tableto contain the running configuration fileto store the startup configuration fileto store the routing tableto retain contents when power is removed
to store the ARP table
to contain the running configuration file
to store the startup configuration file
to store the routing table
to retain contents when power is removed
255.255.255.192255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AADD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.99CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC172.168.10.65BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
data link layerphysical layernetwork layerpresentation layer
data link layer
physical layer
network layer
presentation layer
6219064254192
62
190
64
254
192
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto identify missing segments at the destinationto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto determine if the packet changed during transit
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to identify missing segments at the destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to determine if the packet changed during transit
2681425416
2
6
8
14
16
source and destination MACsource and destination application protocolsource and destination port numbersource and destination IP address
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address
host IP addressdefault gateway addressDNS addresssubnet mask
host IP address
default gateway address
DNS address
subnet mask
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
FE80::/10FEC0::/10FDEE::/7FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FF00::/8
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layerrouting packets toward the destinationperforming error detectioncollision detectionplacement of frames on the media
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
routing packets toward the destination
performing error detection
collision detection
placement of frames on the media
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
when destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
It prevents designers from creating their own model.It speeds up packet delivery.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It assists in protocol design.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It assists in protocol design.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
audio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
ICMPSNMPHTTPDHCPFTP
ICMP
SNMP
DHCP
FTP
fast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingcut-through switchingfragment-free switching
cut-through switching
192.168.10.0192.168.10.224192.168.10.192192.168.10.128192.168.10.240
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.240
It will discard the frame.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Each subnet is the same size.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Each subnet is the same size.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
netstatipconfigtracertnslookup
netstat
ipconfig
tracert
nslookup
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
resource sharing without a dedicated serverwireless networkingsocial networking without the Internetnetwork printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
wireless networking
social networking without the Internet
network printing using a print server
linevtyinsecretinletmeinlineconin
linevtyin
secretin
letmein
lineconin
.comroot.cisco.comwww.cisco.comcisco.com
.com
root.cisco.com
www.cisco.com
cisco.com
authenticationsession controlcompressionencryptionaddressing
authentication
session control
compression
encryption
addressing
192.15.301.240192.15.301.240128.107.12.11764.104.78.227192.168.1.245198.133.219.1710.15.250.5
192.15.301.240
128.107.12.117
64.104.78.227
192.168.1.245
198.133.219.17
10.15.250.5
64.100.0.0/14172.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/16192.31.7.0/24127.16.0.0/1210.0.0.0/8
64.100.0.0/14
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
192.31.7.0/24
127.16.0.0/12
10.0.0.0/8
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
2001::abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
VLAN 1vty 0console 0FastEthernet0/1
VLAN 1
vty 0
console 0
FastEthernet0/1
The command syntax is wrong.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The subnet mask information is incorrect.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The command syntax is wrong.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
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