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presentation layerphysical layernetwork layerdata link layer
presentation layer
physical layer
network layer
data link layer
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.It encourages competition and promotes choices.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.A company can monopolize the market.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
lineconinlinevtyinsecretinletmein
lineconin
linevtyin
secretin
letmein
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
6462192254190
64
62
192
254
190
authenticationaddressingcompressionencryptionsession control
authentication
addressing
compression
encryption
session control
between hosts and the default gatewayonly on the busiest network segmenton as many different network segments as possibleonly at the edge of the network
between hosts and the default gateway
only on the busiest network segment
on as many different network segments as possible
only at the edge of the network
127.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/1610.0.0.0/8192.31.7.0/2464.100.0.0/14172.16.0.0/12
127.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8
192.31.7.0/24
64.100.0.0/14
172.16.0.0/12
when a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
wireless networkingsocial networking without the Internetresource sharing without a dedicated servernetwork printing using a print server
wireless networking
social networking without the Internet
resource sharing without a dedicated server
network printing using a print server
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
VLAN 1console 0FastEthernet0/1vty 0
VLAN 1
console 0
FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
FEC0::/10FDEE::/7FF00::/8FE80::/10
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
packetframebitsdatasegment
packet
frame
bits
data
segment
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
transportsessionphysicalnetworkdata link
transport
session
physical
network
data link
8614225416
8
6
14
2
16
default gateway addresssubnet maskhost IP addressDNS address
default gateway address
subnet mask
host IP address
DNS address
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command syntax is wrong.The subnet mask information is incorrect.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
It will remove the frame from the media.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will discard the frame.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will discard the frame.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
2001:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It speeds up packet delivery.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It assists in protocol design.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It assists in protocol design.
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tablebuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
fragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingcut-through switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
store-and-forward switching
cut-through switching
claddingcancellationimmunity to electrical hazardswoven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
cancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
an SSH connectiona console connectiona Telnet connectionan AUX connection
an SSH connection
a console connection
a Telnet connection
an AUX connection
multicastlink-localglobal unicastloopback
multicast
link-local
global unicast
loopback
tracertipconfignetstatnslookup
tracert
ipconfig
netstat
nslookup
socket pairsliding windowthree-way handshaketwo-way handshake
socket pair
sliding window
three-way handshake
two-way handshake
cisco.com.comwww.cisco.comroot.cisco.com
cisco.com
.com
www.cisco.com
root.cisco.com
financial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, financial transactions, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, web page, audio conference
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
255.255.255.240255.255.255.248255.255.255.252255.255.255.0
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.0
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
to identify missing segments at the destinationto determine if the packet changed during transitto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to identify missing segments at the destination
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
255.255.255.0255.255.255.192255.255.255.128255.255.255.240255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.224
to store the routing tableto store the startup configuration fileto store the ARP tableto contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removed
to store the routing table
to store the startup configuration file
to store the ARP table
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
209.165.201.223203.0.113.211192.0.2.199198.51.100.201
209.165.201.223
203.0.113.211
192.0.2.199
198.51.100.201
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify faulty frames
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
source and destination MACsource and destination application protocolsource and destination IP addresssource and destination port number
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination IP address
source and destination port number
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
the source IP addressthe source port numberthe destination port numberthe destination IP address
the source IP address
the source port number
the destination port number
the destination IP address
token passingpriority orderingCSMA/CACSMA/CD
token passing
priority ordering
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CD
crossoverstraight-throughrolloverconsole
crossover
straight-through
rollover
console
192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
EthernetIPHTTPTCP
Ethernet
IP
HTTP
TCP
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
meshpartial meshpoint-to-pointhub and spoke
mesh
partial mesh
point-to-point
hub and spoke
to exit to a different configuration modeto restart the ping processto interrupt the ping processto allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
255.255.255.128255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.0
collision detectionplacement of frames on the mediaencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerrouting packets toward the destinationperforming error detection
collision detection
placement of frames on the media
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
routing packets toward the destination
performing error detection
ability to to carry digitized voiceport numbering3-way handshakedefault window sizeconnectionless communicationuse of checksum
ability to to carry digitized voice
port numbering
3-way handshake
default window size
connectionless communication
use of checksum
192.168.10.0192.168.10.240192.168.10.224192.168.10.128192.168.10.192
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.192
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.65BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBCC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA172.168.10.99
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.99
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
10.15.250.5192.15.301.240128.107.12.117192.168.1.245198.133.219.1764.104.78.227192.15.301.240
10.15.250.5
192.15.301.240
128.107.12.117
192.168.1.245
198.133.219.17
64.104.78.227
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides dedicated firewall services.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
SNMPICMPFTPHTTPDHCP
SNMP
ICMP
FTP
DHCP
detection of errors through CRC calculationsplacement and removal of frames from the mediasession control using port numbersdelimiting groups of bits into framesdata link layer addressingerror correction through a collision detection method
detection of errors through CRC calculations
placement and removal of frames from the media
session control using port numbers
delimiting groups of bits into frames
data link layer addressing
error correction through a collision detection method
destination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
destination and source physical addressesdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numberstiming and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
CRC switchingstore-and-forward switchingfast-forward switchingQOS switchingfragment-free switching
CRC switching
QOS switching
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