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www.cisco.comroot.cisco.com.comcisco.com
www.cisco.com
root.cisco.com
.com
cisco.com
secretinletmeinlinevtyinlineconin
secretin
letmein
linevtyin
lineconin
session controlauthenticationaddressingcompressionencryption
session control
authentication
addressing
compression
encryption
global unicastmulticastloopbacklink-local
global unicast
multicast
loopback
link-local
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.65AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA172.168.10.99CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCBB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.65
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
to reassemble the segments at the remote locationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto determine if the packet changed during transitto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto identify missing segments at the destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to identify missing segments at the destination
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
203.0.113.211192.0.2.199209.165.201.223198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
192.0.2.199
209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
timing and synchronizationdestination and source physical addressesdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.This host does not have a default gateway configured.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
a console connectiona Telnet connectionan AUX connectionan SSH connection
a console connection
a Telnet connection
an AUX connection
an SSH connection
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
data link layerpresentation layerphysical layernetwork layer
data link layer
presentation layer
physical layer
network layer
192.168.10.224192.168.10.128192.168.10.192192.168.10.240192.168.10.0
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.0
data linksessionphysicalnetworktransport
data link
session
physical
network
transport
two-way handshakesocket pairthree-way handshakesliding window
two-way handshake
socket pair
three-way handshake
sliding window
to contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removedto store the ARP tableto store the routing tableto store the startup configuration file
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the ARP table
to store the routing table
to store the startup configuration file
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
error correction through a collision detection methoddata link layer addressingplacement and removal of frames from the mediadelimiting groups of bits into framesdetection of errors through CRC calculationssession control using port numbers
error correction through a collision detection method
data link layer addressing
placement and removal of frames from the media
delimiting groups of bits into frames
detection of errors through CRC calculations
session control using port numbers
192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
datasegmentbitspacketframe
data
segment
bits
packet
frame
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
the source port numberthe source IP addressthe destination IP addressthe destination port number
the source port number
the source IP address
the destination IP address
the destination port number
255.255.255.240255.255.255.192255.255.255.224255.255.255.0255.255.255.128
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
placement of frames on the mediaencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerrouting packets toward the destinationcollision detectionperforming error detection
placement of frames on the media
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
routing packets toward the destination
collision detection
performing error detection
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
It prevents designers from creating their own model.It speeds up packet delivery.It assists in protocol design.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It assists in protocol design.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
Each subnet is the same size.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Each subnet is the same size.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
only at the edge of the networkon as many different network segments as possibleonly on the busiest network segmentbetween hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
on as many different network segments as possible
only on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.It encourages competition and promotes choices.A company can monopolize the market.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
A company can monopolize the market.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
source and destination port numbersource and destination MACsource and destination IP addresssource and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination MAC
source and destination IP address
source and destination application protocol
2254146816
2
254
14
6
8
16
straight-throughconsolecrossoverrollover
straight-through
console
crossover
rollover
port numberingability to to carry digitized voiceuse of checksumconnectionless communication3-way handshakedefault window size
port numbering
ability to to carry digitized voice
use of checksum
connectionless communication
3-way handshake
default window size
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
2001::abcd:0:12001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
SNMPDHCPICMPFTPHTTP
SNMP
DHCP
ICMP
FTP
HTTP
store-and-forward switchingQOS switchingfast-forward switchingfragment-free switchingCRC switching
store-and-forward switching
QOS switching
fast-forward switching
fragment-free switching
CRC switching
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
127.16.0.0/12172.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/1664.100.0.0/14192.31.7.0/2410.0.0.0/8
127.16.0.0/12
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
64.100.0.0/14
192.31.7.0/24
10.0.0.0/8
VLAN 1FastEthernet0/1console 0vty 0
VLAN 1
FastEthernet0/1
console 0
vty 0
1902541926462
190
192
64
62
CSMA/CDCSMA/CApriority orderingtoken passing
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
priority ordering
token passing
FEC0::/10FDEE::/7FE80::/10FF00::/8
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FE80::/10
FF00::/8
It will forward the frame to the next host.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will remove the frame from the media.It will discard the frame.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
meshpoint-to-pointpartial meshhub and spoke
mesh
point-to-point
partial mesh
hub and spoke
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
audio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
netstatnslookupipconfigtracert
netstat
nslookup
ipconfig
tracert
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that was written to look like a video game
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that was written to look like a video game
TCPIPEthernetHTTP
TCP
IP
Ethernet
to identify faulty framesto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify the host address of the destination host
to identify faulty frames
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
255.255.255.0255.255.255.128255.255.255.240255.255.255.224
network printing using a print serverwireless networkingsocial networking without the Internetresource sharing without a dedicated server
network printing using a print server
wireless networking
social networking without the Internet
resource sharing without a dedicated server
immunity to electrical hazardswoven copper braid or metallic foilcladdingcancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
cancellation
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
The command syntax is wrong.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command syntax is wrong.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
DNS addressdefault gateway addresssubnet maskhost IP address
DNS address
default gateway address
subnet mask
host IP address
when a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen delivery overhead is not an issue
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when delivery overhead is not an issue
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
fast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingcut-through switchingfragment-free switching
cut-through switching
255.255.255.248255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
to interrupt the ping processto restart the ping processto exit to a different configuration modeto allow the user to complete the command
to interrupt the ping process
to restart the ping process
to exit to a different configuration mode
to allow the user to complete the command
192.15.301.240192.15.301.24010.15.250.564.104.78.227198.133.219.17128.107.12.117192.168.1.245
192.15.301.240
10.15.250.5
64.104.78.227
198.133.219.17
128.107.12.117
192.168.1.245
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