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It interacts with the device hardware.It provides dedicated firewall services.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
store-and-forward switchingCRC switchingfast-forward switchingQOS switchingfragment-free switching
store-and-forward switching
CRC switching
fast-forward switching
QOS switching
fragment-free switching
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
console 0VLAN 1vty 0FastEthernet0/1
console 0
VLAN 1
vty 0
FastEthernet0/1
255.255.255.240255.255.255.252255.255.255.248255.255.255.0
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.0
DHCPFTPICMPSNMPHTTP
DHCP
FTP
ICMP
SNMP
HTTP
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
connectionless communicationport numberingability to to carry digitized voice3-way handshakedefault window sizeuse of checksum
connectionless communication
port numbering
ability to to carry digitized voice
3-way handshake
default window size
use of checksum
physical layernetwork layerpresentation layerdata link layer
physical layer
network layer
presentation layer
data link layer
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
192.31.7.0/24127.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/1664.100.0.0/14172.16.0.0/1210.0.0.0/8
192.31.7.0/24
127.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
64.100.0.0/14
172.16.0.0/12
10.0.0.0/8
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressbuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
routing packets toward the destinationencapsulating PDUs from the transport layercollision detectionplacement of frames on the mediaperforming error detection
routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
collision detection
placement of frames on the media
performing error detection
financial transactions, web page, audio conferenceaudio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
cisco.comroot.cisco.com.comwww.cisco.com
cisco.com
root.cisco.com
.com
www.cisco.com
partial meshmeshpoint-to-pointhub and spoke
partial mesh
mesh
point-to-point
hub and spoke
to determine if the packet changed during transitto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto identify missing segments at the destination
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to identify missing segments at the destination
woven copper braid or metallic foilimmunity to electrical hazardscladdingcancellation
woven copper braid or metallic foil
immunity to electrical hazards
cladding
cancellation
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
to allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration modeto interrupt the ping processto restart the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to interrupt the ping process
to restart the ping process
It encourages competition and promotes choices.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.A company can monopolize the market.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
A company can monopolize the market.
data linknetworksessionphysicaltransport
data link
network
session
physical
transport
128.107.12.117192.15.301.24064.104.78.22710.15.250.5192.168.1.245192.15.301.240198.133.219.17
128.107.12.117
192.15.301.240
64.104.78.227
10.15.250.5
192.168.1.245
198.133.219.17
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command syntax is wrong.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command syntax is wrong.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
2001::abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
192.168.10.240192.168.10.192192.168.10.128192.168.10.0192.168.10.224
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.224
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
8261625414
8
2
6
16
254
14
data link layer addressingsession control using port numbersdelimiting groups of bits into framesdetection of errors through CRC calculationsplacement and removal of frames from the mediaerror correction through a collision detection method
data link layer addressing
session control using port numbers
delimiting groups of bits into frames
detection of errors through CRC calculations
placement and removal of frames from the media
error correction through a collision detection method
6264254190192
62
64
190
192
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
cut-through switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingfragment-free switching
cut-through switching
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify faulty framesto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to identify the network address of the destination network
255.255.255.240255.255.255.224255.255.255.128255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.128
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
network printing using a print serversocial networking without the Internetresource sharing without a dedicated serverwireless networking
network printing using a print server
social networking without the Internet
resource sharing without a dedicated server
wireless networking
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/27
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
lineconinlinevtyinsecretinletmein
lineconin
linevtyin
secretin
letmein
It will forward the frame to the next host.It will discard the frame.It will remove the frame from the media.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will discard the frame.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
a console connectiona Telnet connectionan SSH connectionan AUX connection
a console connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection
an AUX connection
global unicastmulticastloopbacklink-local
global unicast
multicast
loopback
link-local
255.255.255.128255.255.255.240255.255.255.192255.255.255.224255.255.255.0
255.255.255.192
host IP addresssubnet maskDNS addressdefault gateway address
host IP address
subnet mask
DNS address
default gateway address
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
EthernetIPHTTPTCP
Ethernet
IP
TCP
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
consolecrossoverstraight-throughrollover
console
crossover
straight-through
rollover
only at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segmentbetween hosts and the default gatewayon as many different network segments as possible
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
on as many different network segments as possible
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
destination and source logical network addressesdestination and source physical addressestiming and synchronizationdestination and source port numbers
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source physical addresses
timing and synchronization
destination and source port numbers
addressingcompressionencryptionauthenticationsession control
addressing
compression
encryption
authentication
session control
source and destination IP addresssource and destination application protocolsource and destination port numbersource and destination MAC
source and destination IP address
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination MAC
It assists in protocol design.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It speeds up packet delivery.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It assists in protocol design.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
segmentframepacketbitsdata
segment
frame
packet
bits
data
FF00::/8FE80::/10FDEE::/7FEC0::/10
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FDEE::/7
FEC0::/10
192.0.2.199198.51.100.201203.0.113.211209.165.201.223
192.0.2.199
198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
209.165.201.223
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
token passingpriority orderingCSMA/CDCSMA/CA
token passing
priority ordering
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
the destination port numberthe destination IP addressthe source IP addressthe source port number
the destination port number
the destination IP address
the source IP address
the source port number
two-way handshakesliding windowthree-way handshakesocket pair
two-way handshake
sliding window
three-way handshake
socket pair
ipconfignetstattracertnslookup
ipconfig
netstat
tracert
nslookup
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA172.168.10.99CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.65BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
to store the ARP tableto store the startup configuration fileto store the routing tableto retain contents when power is removedto contain the running configuration file
to store the ARP table
to store the startup configuration file
to store the routing table
to retain contents when power is removed
to contain the running configuration file
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
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