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An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.A company can monopolize the market.It encourages competition and promotes choices.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
packetframebitssegmentdata
packet
frame
bits
segment
data
It will remove the frame from the media.It will discard the frame.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
default window sizeport numberingconnectionless communication3-way handshakeability to to carry digitized voiceuse of checksum
default window size
port numbering
connectionless communication
3-way handshake
ability to to carry digitized voice
use of checksum
delimiting groups of bits into framesplacement and removal of frames from the mediadetection of errors through CRC calculationserror correction through a collision detection methoddata link layer addressingsession control using port numbers
delimiting groups of bits into frames
placement and removal of frames from the media
detection of errors through CRC calculations
error correction through a collision detection method
data link layer addressing
session control using port numbers
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
It speeds up packet delivery.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It assists in protocol design.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It assists in protocol design.
192.15.301.240192.168.1.24510.15.250.564.104.78.227198.133.219.17192.15.301.240128.107.12.117
192.15.301.240
192.168.1.245
10.15.250.5
64.104.78.227
198.133.219.17
128.107.12.117
to determine if the packet changed during transitto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto identify missing segments at the destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to identify missing segments at the destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
CSMA/CDtoken passingCSMA/CApriority ordering
CSMA/CD
token passing
CSMA/CA
priority ordering
to store the ARP tableto store the startup configuration fileto store the routing tableto contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removed
to store the ARP table
to store the startup configuration file
to store the routing table
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
destination and source port numberstiming and synchronizationdestination and source physical addressesdestination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source logical network addresses
resource sharing without a dedicated serversocial networking without the Internetwireless networkingnetwork printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
social networking without the Internet
wireless networking
network printing using a print server
a Telnet connectionan SSH connectionan AUX connectiona console connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection
an AUX connection
a console connection
DNS addressdefault gateway addresshost IP addresssubnet mask
DNS address
default gateway address
host IP address
subnet mask
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewaybuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
HTTPTCPEthernetIP
HTTP
TCP
Ethernet
IP
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
physicaldata linknetworktransportsession
physical
data link
network
transport
session
255.255.255.252255.255.255.240255.255.255.248255.255.255.0
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.0
FE80::/10FF00::/8FEC0::/10FDEE::/7
FE80::/10
FF00::/8
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
the source IP addressthe source port numberthe destination IP addressthe destination port number
the source IP address
the source port number
the destination IP address
the destination port number
network layerphysical layerdata link layerpresentation layer
network layer
physical layer
data link layer
presentation layer
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.This host does not have a default gateway configured.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
to allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration modeto restart the ping processto interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
It interacts with the device hardware.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
partial meshhub and spokepoint-to-pointmesh
partial mesh
hub and spoke
point-to-point
mesh
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
FastEthernet0/1console 0vty 0VLAN 1
FastEthernet0/1
console 0
vty 0
VLAN 1
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/27
woven copper braid or metallic foilcancellationcladdingimmunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cancellation
cladding
immunity to electrical hazards
HTTPDHCPSNMPFTPICMP
DHCP
SNMP
FTP
ICMP
1468254162
14
6
8
254
16
2
netstatnslookupipconfigtracert
netstat
nslookup
ipconfig
tracert
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
malware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
audio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, audio conference, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conferenceaudio conference, web page, financial transactions
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
255.255.255.240255.255.255.224255.255.255.128255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.128
placement of frames on the mediaencapsulating PDUs from the transport layercollision detectionperforming error detectionrouting packets toward the destination
placement of frames on the media
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
collision detection
performing error detection
routing packets toward the destination
source and destination MACsource and destination application protocolsource and destination port numbersource and destination IP address
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address
192.168.10.224192.168.10.192192.168.10.128192.168.10.240192.168.10.0
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.0
secretinletmeinlineconinlinevtyin
secretin
letmein
lineconin
linevtyin
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
session controlcompressionaddressingencryptionauthentication
session control
compression
addressing
encryption
authentication
192.168.0.0/16172.16.0.0/12127.16.0.0/1264.100.0.0/14192.31.7.0/2410.0.0.0/8
192.168.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/12
127.16.0.0/12
64.100.0.0/14
192.31.7.0/24
10.0.0.0/8
when a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen destination port numbers are dynamic
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
between hosts and the default gatewayonly at the edge of the networkon as many different network segments as possibleonly on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
on as many different network segments as possible
only on the busiest network segment
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe type of traffic that is crossing the network
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
three-way handshaketwo-way handshakesocket pairsliding window
three-way handshake
two-way handshake
socket pair
sliding window
cut-through switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switchingfragment-free switching
cut-through switching
fast-forward switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
to identify faulty framesto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify the host address of the destination host
to identify faulty frames
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
1902546264192
190
62
64
192
255.255.255.240255.255.255.224255.255.255.0255.255.255.128255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
2001::abcd:0:12001:0000:abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd::12001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
multicastloopbacklink-localglobal unicast
multicast
loopback
link-local
global unicast
crossoverconsolerolloverstraight-through
crossover
console
rollover
straight-through
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Each subnet is the same size.
192.0.2.199198.51.100.201203.0.113.211209.165.201.223
192.0.2.199
198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
209.165.201.223
fast-forward switchingCRC switchingQOS switchingstore-and-forward switchingfragment-free switching
CRC switching
QOS switching
The command syntax is wrong.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command syntax is wrong.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
www.cisco.comcisco.comroot.cisco.com.com
www.cisco.com
cisco.com
root.cisco.com
.com
172.168.10.65AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AABB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DDCC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC172.168.10.99
172.168.10.65
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
172.168.10.99
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
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