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It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides dedicated firewall services.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
point-to-pointhub and spokemeshpartial mesh
point-to-point
hub and spoke
mesh
partial mesh
session controlcompressionauthenticationencryptionaddressing
session control
compression
authentication
encryption
addressing
cut-through switchingfragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingstore-and-forward switching
cut-through switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
store-and-forward switching
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
FTPDHCPHTTPICMPSNMP
FTP
DHCP
HTTP
ICMP
SNMP
delimiting groups of bits into framesdata link layer addressingdetection of errors through CRC calculationsplacement and removal of frames from the mediasession control using port numberserror correction through a collision detection method
delimiting groups of bits into frames
data link layer addressing
detection of errors through CRC calculations
placement and removal of frames from the media
session control using port numbers
error correction through a collision detection method
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
destination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
segmentpacketframedatabits
segment
packet
frame
data
bits
255.255.255.240255.255.255.224255.255.255.0255.255.255.128
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
2001::abcd:0:12001::abcd::12001:0:abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
255.255.255.192255.255.255.0255.255.255.224255.255.255.128255.255.255.240
255.255.255.192
198.133.219.17192.15.301.240192.168.1.245128.107.12.11710.15.250.5192.15.301.24064.104.78.227
198.133.219.17
192.15.301.240
192.168.1.245
128.107.12.117
10.15.250.5
64.104.78.227
It will remove the frame from the media.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will discard the frame.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will discard the frame.
Each subnet is the same size.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
only on the busiest network segmentonly at the edge of the networkon as many different network segments as possiblebetween hosts and the default gateway
only on the busiest network segment
only at the edge of the network
on as many different network segments as possible
between hosts and the default gateway
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AACC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC172.168.10.65172.168.10.99BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
172.168.10.65
172.168.10.99
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
audio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
It assists in protocol design.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It speeds up packet delivery.
It assists in protocol design.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It speeds up packet delivery.
6425419062192
64
254
190
62
192
255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.252255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
the source port numberthe source IP addressthe destination port numberthe destination IP address
the source port number
the source IP address
the destination port number
the destination IP address
to restart the ping processto interrupt the ping processto exit to a different configuration modeto allow the user to complete the command
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to exit to a different configuration mode
to allow the user to complete the command
It encourages competition and promotes choices.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.A company can monopolize the market.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
209.165.201.223198.51.100.201203.0.113.211192.0.2.199
209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
192.0.2.199
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
destination and source physical addressesdestination and source port numberstiming and synchronizationdestination and source logical network addresses
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
destination and source logical network addresses
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.This host does not have a default gateway configured.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
an AUX connectiona Telnet connectiona console connectionan SSH connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
a console connection
an SSH connection
192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/26
to reassemble the segments at the remote locationto determine if the packet changed during transitto identify missing segments at the destinationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to identify missing segments at the destination
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
FDEE::/7FF00::/8FE80::/10FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FEC0::/10
immunity to electrical hazardswoven copper braid or metallic foilcancellationcladding
immunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cancellation
cladding
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The command syntax is wrong.The subnet mask information is incorrect.The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
priority orderingCSMA/CDtoken passingCSMA/CA
priority ordering
CSMA/CD
token passing
CSMA/CA
source and destination application protocolsource and destination MACsource and destination IP addresssource and destination port number
source and destination application protocol
source and destination MAC
source and destination IP address
source and destination port number
store-and-forward switchingfragment-free switchingQOS switchingCRC switchingfast-forward switching
QOS switching
CRC switching
192.168.10.240192.168.10.0192.168.10.128192.168.10.224192.168.10.192
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.192
tracertnetstatnslookupipconfig
tracert
netstat
nslookup
ipconfig
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe type of traffic that is crossing the network
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
to store the routing tableto store the ARP tableto store the startup configuration fileto contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removed
to store the routing table
to store the ARP table
to store the startup configuration file
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressbuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
IPHTTPEthernetTCP
IP
Ethernet
TCP
straight-throughrollovercrossoverconsole
straight-through
rollover
crossover
console
port numbering3-way handshakeability to to carry digitized voicedefault window sizeconnectionless communicationuse of checksum
port numbering
3-way handshake
ability to to carry digitized voice
default window size
connectionless communication
use of checksum
to identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify faulty framesto identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the network address of the destination network
social networking without the Internetwireless networkingresource sharing without a dedicated servernetwork printing using a print server
social networking without the Internet
wireless networking
resource sharing without a dedicated server
network printing using a print server
presentation layerphysical layernetwork layerdata link layer
presentation layer
physical layer
network layer
data link layer
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
placement of frames on the mediaperforming error detectionrouting packets toward the destinationcollision detectionencapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
placement of frames on the media
performing error detection
routing packets toward the destination
collision detection
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
8625414216
8
6
14
2
16
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
DNS addressdefault gateway addresshost IP addresssubnet mask
DNS address
default gateway address
host IP address
subnet mask
secretinlineconinletmeinlinevtyin
secretin
lineconin
letmein
linevtyin
data linktransportphysicalsessionnetwork
data link
transport
physical
session
network
.comwww.cisco.comroot.cisco.comcisco.com
.com
www.cisco.com
root.cisco.com
cisco.com
two-way handshakesliding windowthree-way handshakesocket pair
two-way handshake
sliding window
three-way handshake
socket pair
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
vty 0VLAN 1console 0FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
VLAN 1
console 0
FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/1210.0.0.0/8192.168.0.0/16127.16.0.0/1264.100.0.0/14192.31.7.0/24
172.16.0.0/12
10.0.0.0/8
192.168.0.0/16
127.16.0.0/12
64.100.0.0/14
192.31.7.0/24
multicastloopbackglobal unicastlink-local
multicast
loopback
global unicast
link-local
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
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