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The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
between hosts and the default gatewayonly at the edge of the networkon as many different network segments as possibleonly on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
on as many different network segments as possible
only on the busiest network segment
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
vty 0VLAN 1console 0FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
VLAN 1
console 0
FastEthernet0/1
1906425462192
190
64
254
62
192
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
segmentdatabitsframepacket
segment
data
bits
frame
packet
2001::abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
socket pairtwo-way handshakesliding windowthree-way handshake
socket pair
two-way handshake
sliding window
three-way handshake
www.cisco.comcisco.com.comroot.cisco.com
www.cisco.com
cisco.com
.com
root.cisco.com
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The command syntax is wrong.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
use of checksumport numberingability to to carry digitized voice3-way handshakedefault window sizeconnectionless communication
use of checksum
port numbering
ability to to carry digitized voice
3-way handshake
default window size
connectionless communication
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.A company can monopolize the market.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
priority orderingCSMA/CAtoken passingCSMA/CD
priority ordering
CSMA/CA
token passing
CSMA/CD
It will forward the frame to the next host.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will discard the frame.It will remove the frame from the media.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will discard the frame.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
the source port numberthe source IP addressthe destination IP addressthe destination port number
the source port number
the source IP address
the destination IP address
the destination port number
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC172.168.10.99172.168.10.65BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BBAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AADD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
172.168.10.99
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
global unicastmulticastlink-localloopback
global unicast
multicast
link-local
loopback
to restart the ping processto interrupt the ping processto allow the user to complete the commandto exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
64.104.78.227198.133.219.17192.15.301.240128.107.12.11710.15.250.5192.168.1.245192.15.301.240
64.104.78.227
198.133.219.17
192.15.301.240
128.107.12.117
10.15.250.5
192.168.1.245
destination and source physical addressesdestination and source port numbersdestination and source logical network addressestiming and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source port numbers
destination and source logical network addresses
timing and synchronization
255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.128255.255.255.224
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.224
transportnetworksessionphysicaldata link
transport
network
session
physical
data link
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
consolecrossoverrolloverstraight-through
console
crossover
rollover
straight-through
linevtyinsecretinlineconinletmein
linevtyin
secretin
lineconin
letmein
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
to store the startup configuration fileto retain contents when power is removedto store the routing tableto contain the running configuration fileto store the ARP table
to store the startup configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the routing table
to contain the running configuration file
to store the ARP table
nslookupnetstatipconfigtracert
nslookup
netstat
ipconfig
tracert
subnet maskDNS addressdefault gateway addresshost IP address
subnet mask
DNS address
default gateway address
host IP address
192.168.10.224192.168.10.240192.168.10.192192.168.10.0192.168.10.128
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.128
2542614168
2
6
14
16
8
audio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, audio conference, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conferenceaudio conference, financial transactions, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
immunity to electrical hazardscladdingwoven copper braid or metallic foilcancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
cladding
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cancellation
placement of frames on the mediarouting packets toward the destinationencapsulating PDUs from the transport layercollision detectionperforming error detection
placement of frames on the media
routing packets toward the destination
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
collision detection
performing error detection
a console connectiona Telnet connectionan SSH connectionan AUX connection
a console connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection
an AUX connection
IPHTTPTCPEthernet
IP
HTTP
TCP
Ethernet
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify faulty framesto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify faulty frames
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
203.0.113.211192.0.2.199209.165.201.223198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
192.0.2.199
209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
point-to-pointmeshhub and spokepartial mesh
point-to-point
mesh
hub and spoke
partial mesh
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
FEC0::/10FDEE::/7FE80::/10FF00::/8
FEC0::/10
FDEE::/7
FE80::/10
FF00::/8
10.0.0.0/8192.31.7.0/2464.100.0.0/14127.16.0.0/12172.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8
192.31.7.0/24
64.100.0.0/14
127.16.0.0/12
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
when destination port numbers are dynamicwhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
source and destination application protocolsource and destination port numbersource and destination MACsource and destination IP address
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination MAC
source and destination IP address
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
fast-forward switchingCRC switchingQOS switchingfragment-free switchingstore-and-forward switching
fast-forward switching
CRC switching
QOS switching
fragment-free switching
store-and-forward switching
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
fragment-free switchingcut-through switchingstore-and-forward switchingfast-forward switching
cut-through switching
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
addressingsession controlencryptioncompressionauthentication
addressing
session control
encryption
compression
authentication
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.Each subnet is the same size.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Each subnet is the same size.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.248255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressbuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It speeds up packet delivery.It assists in protocol design.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It assists in protocol design.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It interacts with the device hardware.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides dedicated firewall services.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
physical layerpresentation layerdata link layernetwork layer
physical layer
presentation layer
data link layer
network layer
to determine if the packet changed during transitto identify missing segments at the destinationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto reassemble the segments at the remote location
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to identify missing segments at the destination
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
ICMPHTTPSNMPDHCPFTP
ICMP
SNMP
DHCP
FTP
255.255.255.192255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.128255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
network printing using a print serverresource sharing without a dedicated serversocial networking without the Internetwireless networking
network printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
social networking without the Internet
wireless networking
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe type of traffic that is crossing the network
delimiting groups of bits into framesdata link layer addressingsession control using port numbersdetection of errors through CRC calculationserror correction through a collision detection methodplacement and removal of frames from the media
delimiting groups of bits into frames
data link layer addressing
session control using port numbers
detection of errors through CRC calculations
error correction through a collision detection method
placement and removal of frames from the media
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