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fast-forward switchingQOS switchingstore-and-forward switchingfragment-free switchingCRC switching
fast-forward switching
QOS switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
CRC switching
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
the destination IP addressthe destination port numberthe source IP addressthe source port number
the destination IP address
the destination port number
the source IP address
the source port number
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It will remove the frame from the media.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will discard the frame.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will discard the frame.
segmentpacketframebitsdata
segment
packet
frame
bits
data
172.168.10.65BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB172.168.10.99CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCDD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DDAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.65
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
172.168.10.99
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
cancellationwoven copper braid or metallic foilcladdingimmunity to electrical hazards
cancellation
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
immunity to electrical hazards
an AUX connectiona Telnet connectiona console connectionan SSH connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
a console connection
an SSH connection
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
FastEthernet0/1vty 0console 0VLAN 1
FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
console 0
VLAN 1
DNS addresshost IP addresssubnet maskdefault gateway address
DNS address
host IP address
subnet mask
default gateway address
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
placement of frames on the mediacollision detectionperforming error detectionencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerrouting packets toward the destination
placement of frames on the media
collision detection
performing error detection
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
routing packets toward the destination
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
64.100.0.0/14192.31.7.0/24172.16.0.0/12127.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/1610.0.0.0/8
64.100.0.0/14
192.31.7.0/24
172.16.0.0/12
127.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16
10.0.0.0/8
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify faulty framesto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to identify the network address of the destination network
use of checksumability to to carry digitized voiceconnectionless communicationdefault window sizeport numbering3-way handshake
use of checksum
ability to to carry digitized voice
connectionless communication
default window size
port numbering
3-way handshake
192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/28192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/26
two-way handshakethree-way handshakesocket pairsliding window
two-way handshake
three-way handshake
socket pair
sliding window
financial transactions, audio conference, web pageaudio conference, financial transactions, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conferenceaudio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
255.255.255.0255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.128
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.0255.255.255.240255.255.255.128255.255.255.224255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
FDEE::/7FEC0::/10FF00::/8FE80::/10
FDEE::/7
FEC0::/10
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
255.255.255.0255.255.255.248255.255.255.252255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
networkdata linksessionphysicaltransport
network
data link
session
physical
transport
session controlencryptionauthenticationaddressingcompression
session control
encryption
authentication
addressing
compression
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto determine if the packet changed during transitto identify missing segments at the destination
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to identify missing segments at the destination
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
cisco.com.comroot.cisco.comwww.cisco.com
cisco.com
.com
root.cisco.com
www.cisco.com
192.168.10.224192.168.10.240192.168.10.0192.168.10.128192.168.10.192
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.192
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
203.0.113.211209.165.201.223198.51.100.201192.0.2.199
203.0.113.211
209.165.201.223
198.51.100.201
192.0.2.199
source and destination port numbersource and destination MACsource and destination IP addresssource and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination MAC
source and destination IP address
source and destination application protocol
presentation layernetwork layerdata link layerphysical layer
presentation layer
network layer
data link layer
physical layer
6462254190192
64
62
254
190
192
EthernetIPTCPHTTP
Ethernet
IP
TCP
HTTP
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
on as many different network segments as possibleonly at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segmentbetween hosts and the default gateway
on as many different network segments as possible
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
priority orderingtoken passingCSMA/CDCSMA/CA
priority ordering
token passing
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA
when delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen destination port numbers are dynamicwhen a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
partial meshpoint-to-pointmeshhub and spoke
partial mesh
point-to-point
mesh
hub and spoke
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
timing and synchronizationdestination and source physical addressesdestination and source port numbersdestination and source logical network addresses
timing and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source port numbers
destination and source logical network addresses
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The command syntax is wrong.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The command syntax is wrong.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
detection of errors through CRC calculationsdata link layer addressingerror correction through a collision detection methodplacement and removal of frames from the mediasession control using port numbersdelimiting groups of bits into frames
detection of errors through CRC calculations
data link layer addressing
error correction through a collision detection method
placement and removal of frames from the media
session control using port numbers
delimiting groups of bits into frames
ICMPDHCPHTTPFTPSNMP
ICMP
DHCP
FTP
SNMP
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
to exit to a different configuration modeto restart the ping processto interrupt the ping processto allow the user to complete the command
to exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
crossoverstraight-throughrolloverconsole
crossover
straight-through
rollover
console
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It provides dedicated firewall services.It interacts with the device hardware.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interacts with the device hardware.
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
global unicastmulticastlink-localloopback
global unicast
multicast
link-local
loopback
nslookupipconfignetstattracert
nslookup
ipconfig
netstat
tracert
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.A company can monopolize the market.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.It encourages competition and promotes choices.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
A company can monopolize the market.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
It assists in protocol design.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It speeds up packet delivery.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It assists in protocol design.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
store-and-forward switchingfast-forward switchingfragment-free switchingcut-through switching
cut-through switching
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
10.15.250.5192.168.1.245192.15.301.240128.107.12.117198.133.219.17192.15.301.24064.104.78.227
10.15.250.5
192.168.1.245
192.15.301.240
128.107.12.117
198.133.219.17
64.104.78.227
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all usersa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
2001::abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
to retain contents when power is removedto contain the running configuration fileto store the routing tableto store the startup configuration fileto store the ARP table
to retain contents when power is removed
to contain the running configuration file
to store the routing table
to store the startup configuration file
to store the ARP table
lineconinsecretinlinevtyinletmein
lineconin
secretin
linevtyin
letmein
8214254166
8
2
14
16
6
network printing using a print serverresource sharing without a dedicated serverwireless networkingsocial networking without the Internet
network printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
wireless networking
social networking without the Internet
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