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when a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the datawhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen destination port numbers are dynamic
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when destination port numbers are dynamic
between hosts and the default gatewayonly at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segmenton as many different network segments as possible
between hosts and the default gateway
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
on as many different network segments as possible
1421662548
14
2
16
6
254
8
delimiting groups of bits into framessession control using port numbersdata link layer addressingplacement and removal of frames from the mediaerror correction through a collision detection methoddetection of errors through CRC calculations
delimiting groups of bits into frames
session control using port numbers
data link layer addressing
placement and removal of frames from the media
error correction through a collision detection method
detection of errors through CRC calculations
255.255.255.224255.255.255.128255.255.255.240255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.0
data linksessionphysicalnetworktransport
data link
session
physical
network
transport
255.255.255.0255.255.255.192255.255.255.128255.255.255.224255.255.255.240
255.255.255.192
172.16.0.0/12127.16.0.0/1264.100.0.0/1410.0.0.0/8192.31.7.0/24192.168.0.0/16
172.16.0.0/12
127.16.0.0/12
64.100.0.0/14
10.0.0.0/8
192.31.7.0/24
192.168.0.0/16
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
It speeds up packet delivery.It prevents designers from creating their own model.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.It assists in protocol design.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It assists in protocol design.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
to store the routing tableto contain the running configuration fileto retain contents when power is removedto store the startup configuration fileto store the ARP table
to store the routing table
to contain the running configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the startup configuration file
to store the ARP table
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
255.255.255.248255.255.255.252255.255.255.0255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
the destination IP addressthe source IP addressthe source port numberthe destination port number
the destination IP address
the source IP address
the source port number
the destination port number
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The command syntax is wrong.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The command syntax is wrong.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
store-and-forward switchingfragment-free switchingfast-forward switchingcut-through switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching
cut-through switching
meshhub and spokepartial meshpoint-to-point
mesh
hub and spoke
partial mesh
point-to-point
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerforwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC addressusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
subnet maskhost IP addressDNS addressdefault gateway address
subnet mask
host IP address
DNS address
default gateway address
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.This host does not have a default gateway configured.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
source and destination port numbersource and destination IP addresssource and destination MACsource and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address
source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
192.168.10.0192.168.10.192192.168.10.240192.168.10.128192.168.10.224
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.128
192.168.10.224
2001:0000:abcd::12001:0:0:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
netstatnslookupipconfigtracert
netstat
nslookup
ipconfig
tracert
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.It encourages competition and promotes choices.A company can monopolize the market.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
A company can monopolize the market.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
198.133.219.17192.15.301.24010.15.250.564.104.78.227192.168.1.245192.15.301.240128.107.12.117
198.133.219.17
192.15.301.240
10.15.250.5
64.104.78.227
192.168.1.245
128.107.12.117
3-way handshakeuse of checksumability to to carry digitized voiceport numberingdefault window sizeconnectionless communication
3-way handshake
use of checksum
ability to to carry digitized voice
port numbering
default window size
connectionless communication
209.165.201.223203.0.113.211198.51.100.201192.0.2.199
209.165.201.223
203.0.113.211
198.51.100.201
192.0.2.199
destination and source physical addressestiming and synchronizationdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numbers
destination and source physical addresses
timing and synchronization
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
DHCPICMPHTTPFTPSNMP
DHCP
ICMP
HTTP
FTP
SNMP
console 0FastEthernet0/1vty 0VLAN 1
console 0
FastEthernet0/1
vty 0
VLAN 1
network printing using a print serverresource sharing without a dedicated serversocial networking without the Internetwireless networking
network printing using a print server
resource sharing without a dedicated server
social networking without the Internet
wireless networking
socket pairsliding windowtwo-way handshakethree-way handshake
socket pair
sliding window
two-way handshake
three-way handshake
FF00::/8FE80::/10FDEE::/7FEC0::/10
FF00::/8
FE80::/10
FDEE::/7
FEC0::/10
6219264190254
62
192
64
190
addressingsession controlauthenticationcompressionencryption
addressing
session control
authentication
compression
encryption
placement of frames on the mediaperforming error detectioncollision detectionencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerrouting packets toward the destination
placement of frames on the media
performing error detection
collision detection
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
routing packets toward the destination
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.Each subnet is the same size.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
to determine if the packet changed during transitto identify missing segments at the destinationto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to determine if the packet changed during transit
to identify missing segments at the destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossingthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
to identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination networkto identify faulty framesto identify the host address of the destination host
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
to identify faulty frames
to identify the host address of the destination host
packetdatasegmentbitsframe
packet
data
segment
bits
frame
audio conference, financial transactions, web pageaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsfinancial transactions, web page, audio conferencefinancial transactions, audio conference, web page
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host namedestination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
store-and-forward switchingQOS switchingfast-forward switchingfragment-free switchingCRC switching
QOS switching
CRC switching
192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.32/28
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper orderto indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
letmeinsecretinlineconinlinevtyin
letmein
secretin
lineconin
linevtyin
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
presentation layernetwork layerdata link layerphysical layer
presentation layer
network layer
data link layer
physical layer
token passingCSMA/CDpriority orderingCSMA/CA
token passing
CSMA/CD
priority ordering
CSMA/CA
global unicastlink-localmulticastloopback
global unicast
link-local
multicast
loopback
consolecrossoverrolloverstraight-through
console
crossover
rollover
straight-through
a console connectionan SSH connectionan AUX connectiona Telnet connection
a console connection
an SSH connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
TCPHTTPIPEthernet
TCP
IP
Ethernet
root.cisco.comcisco.com.comwww.cisco.com
root.cisco.com
cisco.com
.com
www.cisco.com
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
cancellationimmunity to electrical hazardswoven copper braid or metallic foilcladding
cancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
to exit to a different configuration modeto interrupt the ping processto allow the user to complete the commandto restart the ping process
to exit to a different configuration mode
to interrupt the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
to restart the ping process
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CCAA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA172.168.10.65DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.99BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
172.168.10.65
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.99
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that was written to look like a video gamemalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that was written to look like a video game
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
It will forward the frame to the next host.It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will remove the frame from the media.It will discard the frame.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
It provides dedicated firewall services.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
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