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financial transactions, audio conference, web pagefinancial transactions, web page, audio conferenceaudio conference, web page, financial transactionsaudio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, audio conference, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
when destination port numbers are dynamicwhen a faster delivery mechanism is neededwhen applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicatedwhen delivery overhead is not an issuewhen applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
when destination port numbers are dynamic
when a faster delivery mechanism is needed
when applications need to guarantee that a packet arrives intact, in sequence, and unduplicated
when delivery overhead is not an issue
when applications do not need to guarantee delivery of the data
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launchedmalware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systemsmalware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the targetmalware that was written to look like a video game
malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program and spreads to other programs when launched
malware that requires manual user intervention to spread between systems
malware that can automatically spread from one system to another by exploiting a vulnerability in the target
malware that was written to look like a video game
This host does not have a default gateway configured.The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
This host does not have a default gateway configured.
The average transmission time between the two hosts is 2 milliseconds.
There are 4 hops b**etween this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
The connectivity between these two hosts allows for videoconferencing calls.
There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
destination and source physical addressesdestination and source logical network addressesdestination and source port numberstiming and synchronization
destination and source physical addresses
destination and source logical network addresses
destination and source port numbers
timing and synchronization
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
A student is using a classroom VoIP phone to call home. The unique identifier burned into the phone is a transport layer address used to contact another network device on the same network.
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
A corporate worker is accessing a web server located on a corporate network. The transport layer formats the screen so the web page appears properly no matter what device is being used to view the web site.
A student is playing a short web-based movie with sound. The movie and sound are encoded within the transport layer header.
192.15.301.24064.104.78.227128.107.12.11710.15.250.5198.133.219.17192.168.1.245192.15.301.240
192.15.301.240
64.104.78.227
128.107.12.117
10.15.250.5
198.133.219.17
192.168.1.245
EthernetHTTPTCPIP
Ethernet
HTTP
TCP
IP
fast-forward switchingQOS switchingfragment-free switchingstore-and-forward switchingCRC switching
fast-forward switching
QOS switching
fragment-free switching
store-and-forward switching
CRC switching
letmeinlinevtyinlineconinsecretin
letmein
linevtyin
lineconin
secretin
multicastlink-localglobal unicastloopback
multicast
link-local
global unicast
loopback
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It provides dedicated firewall services.It interfaces between the users and the kernel.It interacts with the device hardware.It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
It provides dedicated firewall services.
It interfaces between the users and the kernel.
It interacts with the device hardware.
It provides the intrusion protection services for the device.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
UDP relies on application layer protocols for error detection.
UDP provides connection-oriented, fast transport of data at Layer 3.
UDP provides basic connectionless transport layer functions.
UDP provides sophisticated flow control mechanisms.
UDP is a low overhead protocol that does not provide sequencing or flow control mechanisms.
UDP relies on IP for error detection and recovery.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
The address is returned to the pool for reuse when the lease expires.
The address lease is automatically renewed until the PC is returned.
The configuration is held by the server to be reissued when the PC is returned.
The configuration is permanent and nothing changes.
presentation layerdata link layernetwork layerphysical layer
presentation layer
data link layer
network layer
physical layer
to interrupt the ping processto exit to a different configuration modeto restart the ping processto allow the user to complete the command
to interrupt the ping process
to exit to a different configuration mode
to restart the ping process
to allow the user to complete the command
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
to identify the host address of the destination hostto identify faulty framesto identify the broadcast address of the destination networkto identify the network address of the destination network
to identify the host address of the destination host
to identify faulty frames
to identify the broadcast address of the destination network
to identify the network address of the destination network
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gatewayexamining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address tablebuilding a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame headerusing the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address tableutilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
forwarding frames with unknown destination IP addresses to the default gateway
examining the destination MAC address to add new entries to the MAC address table
building a routing table that is based on the first IP address in the frame header
using the source MAC addresses of frames to build and maintain a MAC address table
utilizing the MAC address table to forward frames via the destination MAC address
claddingcancellationimmunity to electrical hazardswoven copper braid or metallic foil
cladding
cancellation
immunity to electrical hazards
woven copper braid or metallic foil
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.The subnet mask information is incorrect.The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.The command syntax is wrong.
The interface is shutdown and must be enabled before the switch will accept the IP address.
The subnet mask information is incorrect.
The command is being entered from the wrong mode of operation.
The command syntax is wrong.
routing packets toward the destinationcollision detectionplacement of frames on the mediaencapsulating PDUs from the transport layerperforming error detection
routing packets toward the destination
collision detection
placement of frames on the media
encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer
performing error detection
a Telnet connectiona console connectionan AUX connectionan SSH connection
a Telnet connection
a console connection
an AUX connection
an SSH connection
to contain the running configuration fileto store the startup configuration fileto retain contents when power is removedto store the routing tableto store the ARP table
to contain the running configuration file
to store the startup configuration file
to retain contents when power is removed
to store the routing table
to store the ARP table
192.168.1.64/26192.168.1.64/29192.168.1.32/27192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.64/29
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.32/28
cut-through switchingfast-forward switchingfragment-free switchingstore-and-forward switching
cut-through switching
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
It converts the 48-bit MAC address into a 64-bit host address that can be used for automatic host addressing.
It translates private IPv6 addresses into public IPv6 addresses.
It converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets.
It enables companies to use IPv6 unique local addresses in the network.
It converts regular IPv6 addresses into 64-bit addresses that can be used on the Internet.
ipconfignetstatnslookuptracert
ipconfig
netstat
nslookup
tracert
socket pairtwo-way handshakesliding windowthree-way handshake
socket pair
two-way handshake
sliding window
three-way handshake
root.cisco.comwww.cisco.comcisco.com.com
root.cisco.com
www.cisco.com
cisco.com
.com
2541906419262
254
190
64
192
62
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco789.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco123.
The administrator will be presented with the R1> prompt.
The administrator will be required to enter Cisco234.
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destinationto reassemble the segments at the remote locationto identify missing segments at the destinationto limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one timeto determine if the packet changed during transit
to specify the order in which the segments travel from source to destination
to reassemble the segments at the remote location
to identify missing segments at the destination
to limit the number of segments that can be sent out of an interface at one time
to determine if the packet changed during transit
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.It will forward the frame to the next host.It will remove the frame from the media.It will discard the frame.
It will strip off the data-link frame to check the destination IP address.
It will forward the frame to the next host.
It will remove the frame from the media.
It will discard the frame.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
It typically contains 4 pairs of fiber-optic wires.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding, and twisting to protect data.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It is more expensive than UTP cabling is.
It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
connectionless communicationability to to carry digitized voiceuse of checksumport numberingdefault window size3-way handshake
connectionless communication
ability to to carry digitized voice
use of checksum
port numbering
default window size
3-way handshake
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB172.168.10.65DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD172.168.10.99AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AACC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
172.168.10.65
DD:DD:DD:DD:DD:DD
172.168.10.99
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
It prevents designers from creating their own model.It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.It assists in protocol design.It speeds up packet delivery.It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
It prevents designers from creating their own model.
It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
It assists in protocol design.
It speeds up packet delivery.
It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.
255.255.255.240255.255.255.252255.255.255.248255.255.255.0
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.0
meshhub and spokepartial meshpoint-to-point
mesh
hub and spoke
partial mesh
point-to-point
255.255.255.224255.255.255.240255.255.255.128255.255.255.0
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.128
transportphysicalsessiondata linknetwork
transport
physical
session
data link
network
the source port numberthe destination IP addressthe destination port numberthe source IP address
the source port number
the destination IP address
the destination port number
the source IP address
192.168.10.192192.168.10.240192.168.10.224192.168.10.0192.168.10.128
192.168.10.192
192.168.10.240
192.168.10.224
192.168.10.0
192.168.10.128
token passingCSMA/CApriority orderingCSMA/CD
token passing
CSMA/CA
priority ordering
CSMA/CD
data link layer addressingdetection of errors through CRC calculationssession control using port numbersplacement and removal of frames from the mediaerror correction through a collision detection methoddelimiting groups of bits into frames
data link layer addressing
detection of errors through CRC calculations
session control using port numbers
placement and removal of frames from the media
error correction through a collision detection method
delimiting groups of bits into frames
192.31.7.0/2410.0.0.0/8192.168.0.0/16127.16.0.0/1264.100.0.0/14172.16.0.0/12
192.31.7.0/24
10.0.0.0/8
192.168.0.0/16
127.16.0.0/12
64.100.0.0/14
172.16.0.0/12
wireless networkingresource sharing without a dedicated servernetwork printing using a print serversocial networking without the Internet
wireless networking
resource sharing without a dedicated server
network printing using a print server
social networking without the Internet
A company can monopolize the market.The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.It encourages competition and promotes choices.An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
A company can monopolize the market.
The protocol can only be run on equipment from a specific vendor.
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
An open standard protocol is not controlled or regulated by standards organizations.
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 addressdestination MAC address to a destination IPv4 addressdestination IPv4 address to the source MAC addressdestination IPv4 address to the destination host name
destination MAC address to the source IPv4 address
destination MAC address to a destination IPv4 address
destination IPv4 address to the source MAC address
destination IPv4 address to the destination host name
209.165.201.223192.0.2.199203.0.113.211198.51.100.201
209.165.201.223
192.0.2.199
203.0.113.211
198.51.100.201
framedatapacketbitssegment
frame
data
packet
bits
segment
source and destination port numbersource and destination IP addresssource and destination application protocolsource and destination MAC
source and destination port number
source and destination IP address
source and destination application protocol
source and destination MAC
FF00::/8FEC0::/10FE80::/10FDEE::/7
FF00::/8
FEC0::/10
FE80::/10
FDEE::/7
default gateway addresssubnet maskDNS addresshost IP address
default gateway address
subnet mask
DNS address
host IP address
1425416628
14
16
6
2
8
2001:0:0:abcd::12001:0000:abcd::12001::abcd:0:12001:0:abcd::12001::abcd::1
2001:0:0:abcd::1
2001:0000:abcd::1
2001::abcd:0:1
2001:0:abcd::1
2001::abcd::1
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.Each subnet is the same size.The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.
Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segmentto identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segmentto determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the datato enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate applicationto allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
FastEthernet0/1console 0vty 0VLAN 1
FastEthernet0/1
console 0
vty 0
VLAN 1
the type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing usersa network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failurea network that protects confidential information from unauthorized accessa network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
a network that can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service delivered to existing users
a network that recovers quickly when a failure occurs and depends on redundancy to limit the impact of a failure
a network that protects confidential information from unauthorized access
a network that supports a mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users
on as many different network segments as possibleonly at the edge of the networkonly on the busiest network segmentbetween hosts and the default gateway
on as many different network segments as possible
only at the edge of the network
only on the busiest network segment
between hosts and the default gateway
consolestraight-throughrollovercrossover
console
straight-through
rollover
crossover
compressionaddressingsession controlencryptionauthentication
compression
addressing
session control
encryption
authentication
ICMPDHCPFTPHTTPSNMP
ICMP
DHCP
FTP
SNMP
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software.
Home networking uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices to the network wherever there is an electrical outlet, saving the cost of installing data cables.
End users have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business network.
Technology is integrated into every-day appliances allowing them to interconnect with other devices, making them more ‘smart’ or automated.
the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the networkthe type of traffic that is crossing the networkthe sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the datathe bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internetthe reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbonethe latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
255.255.255.128255.255.255.192255.255.255.240255.255.255.0255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192
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